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Learn about interdisciplinary study

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Student-Advisor Expectation Scales

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Student-Advisor Expectation Scales

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SPARTANS WILL|© Michigan State University|

Original from Ingrid Moses, 1985, Higher Education Research and Development Society of Australasia. Adapted by Margaret Kiley and Kate Cadman, 1997, Centre for Learning & Teaching, Univ. of Technology, Sydney. Further adapted by Chris M. Golde, 2010, Stanford University.

The Student-Advisor Expectation Scales worksheet lists 16 pairs of statements describing end points on a continuum. Individuals differ as to the position they take on each scale. These differences reflect variation in educational philosophy, personality, and the norms of the home discipline. 

Each item is an issue about which most students and advisors need to reach agreement. Often, however, students and faculty members do not directly discuss their perspectives about how this matter should be resolved and why. In fact, in many cases, the situation may change over the student’s time in doctoral studies.

Making expectations explicit, and having regular conversations about expectations, helps to minimize misunderstandings. It is important to recognize that most students do not feel comfortable asking their advisor to complete the worksheet. 

Faculty members may need to be the ones to initiate conversations about expectations. This document can provide a basis for conversations between students and advisors to align their expectations. The Expectation Scales worksheet can be used in several ways.

  • Faculty Advisors
  • Faculty advisors can complete the worksheet and use it as the basis for a discussion with individual students, among a group of advisees, or with a team in the lab. Students prefer faculty members to initiate discussions.

    • For each item, why does the advisor think that this is the best way to proceed?
    • Which items are non-negotiable? Which can be discussed and determined together?
    • In which ways does the advisor tailor her/his modus operandi to the individual student? Why does the faculty member change his/her MO? Does the advisor take into account the student’s personality, background experiences, stage in graduate studies, or other factors?
    • What other expectations does the advisor have of students? When and how should students ask for clarification of expectations?
  • Students
  • Students can complete the worksheet to explore:

    • The student’s own needs and desires. What does the student think is the best way to proceed for the student’s own development?
    • What does the student believe and understand to be the advisor’s preferences and modus operandi?
    • Complete the worksheet identifying both what the student desires and the perception of the faculty advisor’s position. If the difference is 2 points or more, this is an item that should probably be discussed directly.
    • Do all of the faculty member’s advisees share similar understandings of the advisor’s preferences and modus operandi?
    • Develop a personal advising philosophy. How would the student plan to advise graduate students in the future? How does the student mentor and advise undergraduates or newer graduate students?
  • Directors of Graduate Studies
  • The worksheet can be used with a group of faculty members to initiate discussion about:

    • What positions do individual faculty members hold? Why do they think that this is the best way to 
      proceed?
    • Does the department have some expectations that are shared?
    • Do faculty members share the same reasons or rationale for shared positions on scales?
    • When and how do faculty members discuss expectations with student advisees?

    Read each of pair of statements describing end points on a continuum. Estimate your position and mark it on the scale. For example, if you believe very strongly that it is the advisor’s responsibility to select a research topic for the student, on scale #1 you should circle ‘1’. If you think that both the advisor and student should be equally involved, circle ‘3’.

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